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　　編者按

　　國際知名學者“齊魯訪學駐研計劃”是為貫徹落實習近平主席提出的全球文明倡議，深化文明交流互鑒，由山東省委宣傳部指導，尼山世界儒學中心、中國孔子基金會、山東大學共同發起，山東出版集團大力支持，立足山東儒家文化資源富集優勢，架設國際人文交流合作橋梁的一項重要舉措。作為“齊魯訪學駐研計劃”首位學者，克羅地亞—中國友好協會主席、克羅地亞薩格勒布ALGEBRA大學計算機科學教授布蘭科·巴隆（Branko Balon）接受了中國孔子網的專訪，分享了他的駐研感受和學術見解。

　　Q:Hello,Mr. Balon, as the first visiting scholar of the "Qilu Residency Study and Research Program", you have been engaged in more than ten days of visiting activities. Could you please share your feelings ? What is special or unexpectied about this visit?

　　中國孔子網：巴隆先生您好，作為“齊魯訪學駐研計劃”的首位訪問學者，您已經進行了十多天的訪學活動，能否談談您目前的訪學感受？這次訪學有哪些不同或超出期待的地方？

布蘭科·巴隆接受中國孔子網專訪

　　ANS:Yes，thank you for your question.I really can't imagine that it has already passed 10 days.It has passed so quickly because I had been every day engaged in many activities.So I didn't realize really how quickly it passed.

　　I have seen really many interesting things I have read that I will go there，but I didn't think it will be so exciting for me.I saw, first when I came，we went to Confucius Museum.I was very surprised how nice it looked like.I am comparing it to museums in my country.I have not seen such nice museums like you have on Confucius.Then we have visited his temple.I had a really a nice guide that has explained me everything and I must say that I have learned a lot about Confucius.I'm very satisfied and we have visited Nishan Sacred Land also and everything is so nice.I really admire it very much.

　　Everything was so special.It's very hard to highlight something.First，I think I would say it is a museum that I was really amazed，but I would say that I liked the most，but I was most delighted was the Nishan Sacred Land. The teaching hall where I have visited. These five rooms, or the five halls.It's not a room，it's a big hall about the Confucius teachings.For every teaching there was one hall. it was very well for me.

　　巴隆：不知不覺已經過去10天了，時間過得很快，這大概是因為我每天都在參加各種活動，所以沒察覺到日子過得這么迅速。

　　我在書上讀到很多關于這里的有意思的內容，我想我會去實地看看，沒想到這次真的實現了，親眼看到時，那種興奮難以言表。我最先去了孔子博物館，和我的國家的博物館相比，真的太震撼了，我之前從未見過這樣的博物館。之后，我們參觀了孔廟，那里有一位非常出色的導游，他對每一處細節、每一段歷史都講解得極為透徹。不得不說，這次參觀讓我對孔子的了解更進了一步。我們還游覽了尼山圣境，我真的特別喜歡。

　　這次旅程的一切都充滿新鮮感，很難單獨挑出某一件事來講。孔子博物館給我的震撼很大，我最喜歡的，還得是尼山圣境。在那里，我參觀了大學堂的五個大廳，每個大廳都蘊含著孔子的一項重要教義，讓我收獲頗豐。

布蘭科·巴隆參觀曲阜孔廟

　　Q:During your academic visit，you went to many places such as Confucius Temple，Confucius Institute，Confucius Museum.What insights did this on site experiences provide for your understanding of Confucianism？

　　中國孔子網：訪學期間，您參觀了孔廟、孔子研究院、孔子博物館等地，這些實地體驗對您理解孔子思想有什么啟發？

　　ANS:When I saw all these things，when I saw the work the people are doing and at the Nishan World Center，especially at the Confucius Research Institute.I was really positively shocked what efforts and they give for studying the Confucius thoughts and how with what devotion they do their work.This is what surprised me I must say because I didn't see this virtually in this way in my country.InCroatia，this is really what inspires me.And I think that this can be a role for the other countries,China can be a role model. We can teach，I think a lot from you，how to protect the inheritance like you do with the Confucius and his thoughts.

　　巴隆：當我看到尼山世界儒學中心，尤其是孔子研究院里人們所做的工作時，內心十分震撼。他們為深入研究孔子思想付出的努力，以及全身心投入工作的熱忱，著實令我驚嘆。必須承認，在我的國家，我很少能看到這樣純粹的奉獻精神。這一切深深地激勵了我。我由衷覺得，中國在這方面完全可以成為其他國家的榜樣。在文化遺產保護領域，尤其是對孔子及其思想的傳承與守護，中國的做法值得我們好好學習借鑒。

　　Q:So a few days ago，you gave a wonderful academic speech at the Confucius Institute mentioning the theme of inheriting civilization regarding the spiritual home of humanity.How do you think we can better protect and inherit our cultural heritage in the context of globalization today？

　　中國孔子網：前幾天，您在孔子研究院作了一場精彩的學術演講，提到了“文明傳承：守護人類精神家園”這一主題。您認為在當今全球化的背景下，應如何更好地守護和傳承各自的文化遺產？

　　ANS:Yeah，this is a good question. I made , first，in my speech，I gave a theoretic approach to this topic.And other part of my lecture was what is actually China doing in this？What is our country doing？And I can really repeat once again that when I see what China is doing in protecting the spiritual heritage，I don't see anything what can be added.We are really doing a good job.I like it very much and I think also that this Qilu visiting scholar program is also one step towards it.

　　巴隆：我在演講中對這一主題進行了理論探討。我演講的另一部分是中國在這方面到底怎么做的，我們的國家怎么做的。我可以再次重申，當我看到中國在保護精神遺產方面所做的一切時，我看不出還有什么可以補充的。中國做得很好，我非常欣賞，并且我認為“齊魯訪學駐研”項目也是朝著這個方向邁出的一步。

“齊魯訪學駐研計劃”系列學術講座第一講暨“中外文明交流互鑒”系列學術講座第十七講在孔子研究院舉行

　　Q:As the president of the Croatian-Chinese Friendship Society, what achievements do you think Croatia has made in cultural exchanges with China so far? What other areas can further strengthen our cooperation?

　　中國孔子網：作為克中友好協會的主席，您認為目前克羅地亞與中國在文化交流方面取得了哪些成果？還有哪些領域可以進一步加強合作？

　　ANS:Thank you for these questions.Because I'm president，as you said，of the Croatian -Chinese Friendship society.I also mentioned in my lecture，what are we doing it also in Croatia to protect the inheritance and we are doing a lot of things，but there are still a lot of things we can improve what we are doing.We are doing the lectures of calligraphy, of Tai Chi.This is so we have also many lectures on the heritage of Croatia on Marco Polo.And in our main city，in capital city of Croatia，Zagreb at the University of Zagreb，there is a Confucius Institute that we are tightly working with Association of Friendship.We are tightly working with the Chinese Embassy and the Confucius Institute.We have organized with them many events still like cultural events.But what I want to do more like the president of our society because we are a friendship society for cultural，scientific and economic cooperation.I would like it to have more scientific cooperation.This is what we didn't have much.I can say that this my visit to the Confucius Research Center，it is a kind of scientific research，but I would like to hear it more of this maybe in the field.I’m a major in this, computer science.I would like to hear more such a exchanges and cooperation.

　　巴隆：正如您所說，我擔任克羅地亞-中國友好協會主席。在演講中我也提到，我們在克羅地亞積極投身遺產保護工作，已經開展了諸多活動，不過仍存在很大的提升空間。目前，我們舉辦了太極和書法講座，還開展了許多關于馬可?波羅遺產的講座。在克羅地亞首都薩格勒布的薩格勒布大學，設有一所孔子學院，我們一直保持著緊密合作。我們正與中國大使館以及孔子學院攜手，共同組織了一系列文化活動。克羅地亞-中國友好協會是一個文化、科學和經濟合作的友好協會，作為協會的主席，我更期望能在科研合作方面取得更多進展，目前在這方面，我們的工作開展得還不夠充分。就拿這次參觀孔子研究院來說，這本身就是一次科研學習的寶貴經歷，但我還想進一步深入了解這個領域。另外，我主修計算機科學，也非常期待在該領域與中方開展更多的交流與合作。

　　Q:Next you will give a speech on the theme of marco polo and the contemporary silk road.What are the considerations for choosing this theme?

　　中國孔子網：接下來，您將以“馬可·波羅和當代絲綢之路”為主題發表演講，選擇這一主題有何考量？

　　ANS:I thank you for this question.I like Marco Polo very much.I also mentioned Marco Polo at my lecture first here and I saw very good feedback from the audience and that I saw that not many Chinese people know a lot about Marco Polo.So we have decided to make a lecture on Marco Polo.Marco polo is the biggest traveller of all the time.He's from Croatia.Many people don't know，because Italy also says he is Italian，but MarcoPolo was born in a beautiful island in Croatia. this is City of Kor?ula.It is very near to Dubrovnik and they say it's Dubrovnik,I think，knows everybody in China. When you speak about Croatia,first thing that comes on your mind is Dubrovnik.Yeah.But Kor?ula I said to be a small Dubrovnik，it is also very，very nice，but it's a little bit small.So it is the hometown of Marco Polo.What is very interesting is that when he was17 years old，he went with his father and uncle on a big trip.It was a trade trip.They went to overall the Silk Road.They traveled 4.5 years to come to what is now known as Beijing and Marco Polo stayed here or I said here in China for almost 20years after he came back a few years ago，he wrote his book.This is called II Milione, the name of the book，because it was, everything in China, so big.So that was the name of the book - Million.But nobody believed him that itwas just not his imagination，but still this book was very，very popular.And it is the 13th century when the European people got the first insight of how the people in the Far East lived.They didn't know anything about it.So Marco Polo is，I can say，is a bridge between Europe and China，between Croatia and China.So he is very important and I think it would be a very educational lecture that I will give，I think you can learn a lot of what new things from this.

齊魯文化研究院文明交流互鑒名家講壇啟動儀式暨第一講“馬可波羅與現代絲綢之路”在山東師范大學舉行

　　巴隆：我對馬可?波羅滿懷欽佩，在曲阜的講座上，我提到了他，現場觀眾反響熱烈。我發現，很少有中國人對馬可?波羅有深入的了解。于是我決定專門舉辦一場關于他的講座。馬可?波羅堪稱偉大的旅行家，他來自克羅地亞。很多人不清楚這一點，因為意大利也聲稱他是意大利人。實際上，馬可?波羅出生在克羅地亞一座美麗的島嶼——科爾丘拉島，它離杜布羅夫尼克很近。提到克羅地亞，大家往往想到的都是杜布羅夫尼克這座城市。但是科爾丘拉島宛如縮小版的杜布羅夫尼克，同樣美不勝收，只是面積稍小，這里便是馬可?波羅的故鄉。馬可?波羅17歲時，跟隨父親和叔叔踏上了一段漫長的貿易之旅，他們沿著絲綢之路前行，歷經四年半的時間，才抵達如今的北京。馬可?波羅留在了中國，生活了近20年。回國后，他撰寫了一本書，最初名為《伊爾?米利奧內》，“米利奧內”意為百萬，因為中國的一切都宏偉壯觀。但當時沒人相信他的講述，都覺得是他的想象。然而，這本書依舊備受歡迎，讓13世紀的歐洲人首次知曉了遠東人民的生活方式，此前他們對此一無所知。所以我可以說，馬可?波羅是連接歐洲與中國、克羅地亞與中國的橋梁，意義重大。我相信，這場講座，極具教育意義，大家定會從中收獲許多新知識。

布蘭科·巴隆參觀孔子研究院

　　Q:In current academic research，interdisciplinary collaboration is becoming increasingly important.How do you think interdisciplinary research can promote the integration of natural sciences and social sciences？What is the significance of this integration in solving real world problems？

　　中國孔子網：在當前的學術研究中，跨學科合作日益重要。您認為跨學科研究如何促進自然科學與社會科學的融合，這種融合對于解決現實問題有何重要意義？

　　ANS:We are now facing really serious worldwide problems.Um，it is at first，I think it is social.I mean，we can say，it's a civilization problem.What do we now have in the Europe and in Israel and with Russia，with Ukraine？So many problems that really need one, what we can say，not a simple solution.It should be holistic solution like you Chinese are doing in medicine, not just to treat the symptoms，but you must find the core.What is the core？What is in the illness？And so this is why we need this interdisciplinary approach to solve the problems in today's world.You must have together many sciences，technical sciences.Maybe we can use AI now as a progmatic.AI can help in many things，but you must use also our social skills，diplomatic skills.So there is a really need to have, I would call it a holistic approach, to find a complete solution，not just one piece by one.

　　巴隆：我們如今正面臨著嚴峻的全球性問題，首先，我認為這是社會性的。從某種意義上講，也可以將其視為文明問題。當下，歐洲、以色列、俄羅斯、烏克蘭等地的問題錯綜復雜，絕非簡單的解決方式就能應對，而是需要一個綜合性的方案，就如同中國醫學理念一樣，不僅僅是治療癥狀，所以這就是為什么解決當今世界的難題需要跨學科的方法。你們必須融合多領域的知識，比如技術科學。如今人工智能可以作為一種編程工具。AI可以在諸多方面發揮助力，但我們仍需要社會性技巧、外交技巧。所以，真的需要一種整合性對策，以提供全面的解決方案，而不是各自為政。

　　Q:What unique insights do you have on the current AI revolution as a professor at ALGEBRA university in Zagreb Croatia. In the era of AI how can we ensure that human uniqueness and value are not eroded by technology？

　　中國孔子網：您在克羅地亞薩格勒布ALGEBRA大學任教，對于當前這一輪AI革命有何獨到見解？在AI時代，我們應如何確保人類的獨特性和價值不被技術所侵蝕？

　　ANS:Yes，as a professor of computer science,I have maybe a little more insights of this topic.And I already mentioned it when I was speaking about the silk road，I said that ancient silk road was not only a traderoad，but it is also road that was exchanging ideas，new technologies，philosophies.So it is what is doing also “belt and bridge” initiative.We say it is a contemporary silk road，but with AI，I can say we have a digital silk road，some silk road，one step ahead，because now we can in real time，we can exchange our research experiments and help people in many countries to cooperate together in a real time. And this is a really good benefit I believe AI can bring us. But AI you can say is also swirled with two sides.One side is that it can improve communication between people.But the other side is that it can be dangerous if it's not used correctly.If it's used like a warfare，there are some indications that it can be done in this way.So I think that we must be very careful.We must always check out what is going with the AI. Is it going in the right direction ? Is it going to help our civilization or is it going to end maybe a civilization？

　　巴隆：是的，作為一名計算機科學教授，我對這個話題可能有更多的見解。我在談到絲綢之路時已經提到過，古絲綢之路不僅是一條貿易之路，也是一條交流思想、技術、哲學的道路，這與當下的“一帶一路”倡議是高度契合的。我們說“一帶一路”是當代絲綢之路，而如今有了人工智能，可以說有了一條數字絲綢之路。這條絲綢之路更具先進性，借助它，我們可以實時交流科學研究和實驗成果，并幫助許多國家的人們進行實時協作。我相信人工智能可以給我們帶來巨大的益處。但人工智能也有兩面性。一方面，它可以改善人與人之間的溝通，但另一方面，如果使用不當，可能會很危險。如果它被用于戰爭，確有這樣的跡象，我認為我們必須非常小心。必須始終檢視人工智能的發展情況，在朝著正確方向發展嗎？它會幫助我們的文明，還是會終結文明？

參觀孔子研究院

　　Q:During this academic visit, you will participate in an academic dialogue on "Civilization Exchange and Peaceful Development of Humanity in the AI Era". How do you think the rapid development of AI technology will affect the communication patterns between different civilizations? What positive role can AI technology play in promoting human peace and development?

　　中國孔子網：在本次訪學期間，您將參與圍繞“AI時代的文明交流與人類和平發展”的學術對話。您認為AI技術的迅猛發展將如何影響不同文明之間的交流模式？在促進人類和平與發展方面，AI技術又能發揮哪些積極作用？

　　ANS:Okay，maybe i'll already touched this topic in my previous question，but I can repeat that AI can be really used very positively.Let's say we to enhanced a diplomatic exchange to make, some would say，summits and exchanges of delegations more efficient.It can enhanced many things then that we can benefit as a society and civilization.But I still must say that it should not be used as surveillance in a bad manner and so that people are not feeling comfortable with this.They are spying on them that it should not be enemy of of us，it should be our friend.And this is what we should think about it when using AI .

　　巴隆：人工智能在加強外交交流方面，能發揮極積極作用。就拿各類會議和代表團的交流活動來說，人工智能可以讓這些外交活動開展得更加高效，它能提升諸多方面的效能，從而讓我們的社會乃至整個人類文明都從中受益。但我還是要說，人工智能不應該被惡意用作監視，讓人們對此感到不舒服，感到處處受監控。不要讓人工智能成為我們的敵人，而應該成為我們的朋友，這就是我們在使用人工智能時應該考慮的問題。

　　Q:As a senior scholar and educator, what advice do you have for young scholars in cross-cultural communication and academic research? How to maintain an open and inclusive attitude to better adapt to the globalized academic environment?

　　中國孔子網：作為一位資深的學者和教育家，您對年輕學者在跨文化交流和學術研究中有什么建議？如何保持開放的心態和包容的態度，以更好地適應全球化的學術環境？

　　ANS:Okay，this is also good question. Education is very important.This is also what is one of the ritual of Confucius and for him it is very important.It is one of the core which you in the society.I must say that I really admire as China is a country is working on education and I say that I envy to China because when I compare to the education in my country，I must say all the best education you have in China and maybe some people in my country think that it is too strict on the children they must learn the whole day.They have not a lot of free time，but what I can say to the students is that it is worth. I mean, it is worth to spend your time learning better than to be on the social media on the on the mobile phone.So I won't if you ask me what is my advice，my advice is to stick more to the book and less to the show g to the mobile phone.

　　My suggestion for the scholars ,teachers and professors is that we must never stop learning.We should always be open to the new ideas also, to adapt new technologies, also not to be afraid，becausewhen people get older，they get a little bit afraid of new technologies of computers.It is normal but we should not be afraid we should take it with joy and enjoy our job and I think it is the best job to be a teacher to someone like it was Confucius and, how you say ,in China that the Confucius is the first and the greatest teacher of China and I can say also of the world.

　　巴隆：教育的重要性不言而喻，它是孔子所倡導的“禮”的重要組成部分，對孔子而言意義非凡，也是個人在社會中立足的核心要素之一。我由衷地欽佩中國，中國是一個極度重視教育的國家，這一點讓我十分羨慕。與我的國家的教育相比時，我必須說你們在中國接受的是最好的教育，也許我國的一些人認為，中國孩子必須整天學習，太嚴格了，他們沒有很多空閑時間，但我可以對學生們說，這是值得的。花時間學習比沉迷于手機和社交媒體更有價值。

　　我對青年學者、老師和教授的建議是，我們永遠不能停止學習，應該始終對新思想持開放態度，也要適應新技術，不要畏懼新事物，因為當人們變老時，會對計算機等新技術產生抵觸心理，這很正常，我們不應因此退縮，而要欣然接受，享受工作。在我看來，從事教育工作，成為一名像孔子這樣的老師，是世上最棒的職業。孔子是中國乃至世界上第一位也是最偉大的老師。